Thursday 26 April 2012

Factual Storytelling


Landing in Cairo was an assault on the senses. It was the first time that either my little sister or I had been overseas, and following a 20 hour flight, all we wanted was sleep. Cairo, however, is not a city for the weary, or the faint hearted. We had headed to Egypt to celebrate my mother’s birthday. She had not wanted a party, but instead chose to take her husband and two teenage daughters to the Middle East. The first shock was the airport. The dank, dark and dilapidated building was literally a world away from the airy Brisbane International airport and the bright lights of Singapore that we had just left. Emerging from the terminal, we were hit with the unfamiliar. Sights, noises, smells, crowds, all of which I had never seen before, were suddenly sprung upon me. Fortunately we had arrived in January, their winter, so the temperature was mild and the weather was one less element to contest with. We had read the travel guides prior to departure, all of which had attempted to illustrate the atmosphere in their knowledgeable pages, however nothing could have prepared two teenage girls for what was about to ensue.

The first few days passed by in a flurry. We were going to be there three weeks in total, and Cairo was our first stop. Visiting the requisite sites, such as the pyramids at Giza and the Sphinx were both surreal and in a strange way, slightly disillusioning. The great monuments were not, as I had originally thought, located in the middle of the desert, but a city had rather unceremoniously built itself around them. Now after visiting the Sphinx it’s possible to pop across the road for Pizza Hut. The crowds were something I had never encountered in such a magnitude. The population of the city is approximately seven million, an amount of people that I had never considered, let alone experienced. We quickly learnt to stick together, as it was far too easy to get separated in a crowd. My parents kept a watchful eye on my sister and I, as even a brief trip to the supermarket was hazardous.

Following our time in Cairo, we travelled south along the Nile. Our next destination was Luxor, home to a vast array of temples and tombs. My mother was on a mission to see as many ancient sites as possible so the next item on her list was the temple at Karnak. Karnak is a complex of several different temples and ancient chapels and is considered to be the largest ancient religious site in the world. It is also the second most visited site in Egypt, after the pyramids. With a tourist attraction, however, comes large amounts of tourists. Tourists in turn, attract large numbers of locals attempting to sell a variety of paraphernalia. What ensues is excessive amounts of shouting, shoving and sheer astonishment. It was in Karnak, amongst the semi-organised chaos, that we lost my sister.

“Where’s Edwina?” my mother asked. I looked around, expecting to find her standing behind us. Her absence was both alarming and frightening. Had we just lost a 13 year old girl at one of the busiest monuments in the Middle East?

Edwina wandered through the temple complex, unaware that she was alone. Having been unwittingly separated from her family a mere five minutes before, she strolled along, admiring the workmanship and scale of the ancient hieroglyphs. She turned, hoping to find either my parents or myself, but was instead faced with an unknown family of Japanese tourists. In her version of events, this is the point at which she became afraid. She was unsure of what her next move should be. Should she stay in the one spot, on the chance that we were looking for her? Should she attempt to look for us, despite the unlikelihood of finding someone in an area and crowd this large?

My mother is not normally a panicker. I could see, however, the lines of worry beginning to form on her forehead. My father too, is an equally calm person, yet I could see that he was beginning to, in his own words, ‘freak out.’ Had we been in Australia we would have employed the search method that is divide and conquer. We were not too keen at the prospect of losing another family member though, so we stuck together. Unsure of how to begin our search, we just began looking.

As Edwina made her way through the crowds, the tall pillars that had once seemed magnificent now seemed menacing. The random eye contact with strangers had initially been comforting, now it made her fearful. She couldn’t remember what any of us were wearing, thus making it even harder to spot us. The sun, no longer in the middle of the sky, was beginning to sink into the horizon. We had planned on leaving the temple before sunset. Edwina made her way to the entrance of the complex, in the hope that we had decided to wait there.

The worst possible outcomes were running through each of our heads. Had she fallen? Was she hurt? Ducking and weaving through the stones and pillars, each turn came with a new thought. Our unmapped path through Karnak had lead us back to the starting point, the entrance. 

We approached the entrance feeling somewhat defeated. Edwina was yet to be found, and it was getting late in the day, the crowds surging towards the exit point. It was then that we spotted her.

Edwina says she can’t remember the feeling of when she first saw us. The most basic description of what we were feeling was relief. She did later refer to the incident as one of the scariest moments of her life. Luckily for all of us though, she is able to look back on it in amusement. My mother fully recovered, and no longer felt the guilt that would stem from misplacing a child. Had it been socially acceptable though, I imagine she would have got her children leashes for the remainder of the holiday. 

Thursday 19 April 2012

Public Media


Lecture seven discussed the topic of public media, something I suppose you could call the opposite of last week’s lecture on commercial media. Public Media is media whose mission is to serve or engage a public, its ultimate purpose is to serve the public and not turn a profit. The public media in Australia consists of the ABC and SBS, in both tv and radio. Internationally, public media broadcasters include BBC and channel 4 in the UK and PBS and NPR in the US. Public media can also include community media. The aspect I found most interesting in this lecture was looking at the role of public media and the ethos of public media. The public value, according to the BBC, is to embed a public service ethos, provide value for licence fee money and weigh public value against market opinion. It seems from this that public media could be considered quite ideological, however when put into practice, it appears that public media broadcasters adhere to this standard. Take for example, the ABC. According to information given in the lecture, 41% of Australians get their news from the ABC and 85% don’t believe they project any bias. This lack of bias is vital, as whilst being majority funded by the government, the ABC have a responsibility to present quality and bias free stories regardless of which party is in power. And as Dr Redman said in the lecture, as soon as the ABC stops enraging politicians, then we are in trouble. 

Which Direction?

One direction

It would appear that One Direction are in Australia. This is no secret, it has been headlining practically every news outlet for the past few days. But if you are unsure of who One Direction are, here is the lowdown: a group of five British males, aged from 18-20, manufactured as a singing group by reality program X Factor, all of them dress rather well for teenage boys, and they all have better hair than I do. In case my description was not quite vivid enough, here is a picture:


Now I am not going to practice musical snobbery and say that they are ‘too mainstream’ or ‘too manufactured’, because let’s face it, a large number of recording artists have had their images slightly tweaked by record companies. If the conspiracy theorists are to be believed , then ‘indie darling’ Lana Del Rey has had more than a helping hand in the image department, thus nullifying her apparent indie status (for more: http://www.hipsterrunoff.com/altreport/2011/09/lana-del-rey-exposed-b4-she-was-alt-she-was-failed-mnstrm-artist-without-fake-lips.html). But back to One Direction. I am not going to preach ignorant, or try and play the cool card and pretend I have never heard their music. I will even admit, as embarrassing as it is, that I have been caught humming along to their catchy hooks and inoffensive lyrics. But what exactly is their appeal? Their concert tour in Australia sold out in just three minutes, and One Direction figurines have apparently been flying off the shelves in Britain. Typing ‘One Direction’ into the ebay search bar results in a plethora of merchandise, from coffee mugs to personalised pillow cases. In my attempt to understand the phenomenon, I turned to a valuable source: the target audience. In conversation with my little sister and a friend of hers, I casually dropped One Direction into the mix. Their response was not as overwhelmingly positive as I had imagined, but then they did point out to me that ‘it’s a bit lame for grade 12’s to like them. If you asked some year 8’s they would probably scream’. So I did as anyone looking for answers does, and turned to the internet. Well. After trawling through countless fan sites I still struggled to come up with a definitive answer as to why One Direction, and subsequently boy bands in general, were so popular. Is it their slightly matching outfits? Is it their catchy melodies and inoffensive lyrics? Is it because they are just so cute? Who really knows, but I know in this case, their record labels are laughing all the way to the bank whilst screaming fans are all too eager to jump on the bandwagon. The bandwagon that is heading in only one direction.

(didn’t quite give the answers I was looking for, but interesting nonetheless: http://jezebel.com/5891583/start-shrieking-ladies-boy-bands-are-back)

Commercial Media

 Commercial media. What is it? What does it do? Who uses it? All these questions were answered in lecture 6, with the topic being commercial media and a specific look at it in Australia. Commercial media encompasses television, newspapers, magazines and radio. It can also include telecommunications companies, such as Telstra and Optus. Some examples of the commercial media in Australia today are channels 7, 9 and ten, companies such as News Limited and Fairfax, and radio producers like Austereo. The purpose of commercial media is to ‘sell audiences to advertisers’. This is to say, every time you sit down to watch a show on your favourite commercial station, you are in fact wanted there to view the advertisements, rather than the programs themselves. Commercial media is a form of profit driven media production, which requires audiences in order to attract advertisers and generate profit. That said, commercial media outlets still attempt to gain the trust of the audience. Media has a responsibility in a democracy, as well as having to meet formal state requirements, such as legal prescriptions and statutory boards. The lecture also made mention of a public sphere, which is space between commerce and government where people can debate freely and form public opinion (for a more in depth look at this concept, and others associated with commercial media: http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611795/100438659076).

There are also new controls on commercial media, such as government agencies regulating content, state press subsidies and licensed journalism in nations such as Indonesia and East Timor. Some believe that commercial media is corrupt and lacks quality (John McManus – Market Driven Journalism 1994) and that ‘In this regard, one thing stands out above all others –the view that the very nature of the commercial equates to a corruption of the social. In other words, as media become more commercial, they do so at the expense of their social function. This is seen as a zerosum game. Profits come before quality’ (Prof. Michael Bromley – SJC  2009). This is an interesting concept, and I have to say, that to a certain extent, I agree with the aforementioned opinions. To be honest, I was unaware that the majority of media I consumed was considered commercial, and that the main drive behind these entities was profit. So are their claims of commitment to delivering quality content or local productions merely a strategy on their behalf to attract a wide, previously elusive audience, to advertisers? I believe that this is probably the case, however I do also believe that commercial media is not necessarily bad. At the end of the day, these media outlets are businesses, and the goal of business is to make money. So no, I will not stop watching, reading, or buying things produced by these commercial media bodies, but I will view them differently, with the knowledge that for the big players, the news isn’t always about the story. 

Lecture 5


Lecture 5 was delivered via sound recording, as the subject matter was radio as a form of communication. It was challenging for me to listen and process information delivered in this format, as I hardly ever listen to radio or podcasts. I also have to admit I am not a fan of talkback and AM radio, so I really had to apply myself to the task. Initially I was bored, the radio announcer voices made me want to switch off and watch TV instead. I persevered and discovered a lot about radio. The fact that the majority of listeners are multi-tasking when listening to radio means that the content needs to be engaging, but also easy to process. Additionally, when interviewing a guest, you still need to keep the listener involved in the conversation. What I found most interesting though was the way in which the announcers approached interviewing guests. It was said that it’s important to give the guest space to talk as well as giving them the opportunity to reveal themselves to the audience. One of the last points made was the radio is getting bigger around the world, and is good for the time poor, so bearing this in mind I tried to pay more attention to radio. I mainly only listen to radio whilst I am in the car, and usually when the presenters start talking I change the station in order to find music. Hoping that old habits don’t die hard, I was driving around and tuned into the science program on triple J in the hope that I might actually learn something. Whilst not being immediately enthralled, I realised that radio is a vital communication and information presenting tool, as well as having a large array of fans. Who knows, maybe if I keep the listening up I might become a fan myself. 

Titanic: The unsinkable film?


One of my housemates is obsessed with Titanic. So obsessed that she has seen the 3D release of the James Cameron film 3 times. So obsessed that she has been anticipating the mini-series on tv since she first saw the ad. And because of this obsession it is all too easy for me to stir her up about it. Admittedly this love has been renewed with the recent publicity surrounding the 100th anniversary of the ship’s sinking, however her love for Titanic (actually mostly Leo and Kate), has been long standing. When I asked her why she liked the Titanic so much, her response was the love story and the subsequent tragedy. I then did as all good internet users do and turned to Google in a bid to see what others had to say. Rather than trawl through countless reviews from raving fans, I found an article in the Guardian, and though it didn’t offer a direct opinion on the film, it did make a rather interesting comment on the impact that the film had on cinema: http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2012/apr/03/titanic-event-movie-james-cameron
What I found most interesting was the large increase in box office takings over the past 15 years, especially when it was put forward that it is not a rare thing for a film to make $900 million. Which then lead me to wonder what the highest grossing films were. Unsurprisingly, the majority of the 100 highest grossing films were made in the last 15 years. And also unsurprisingly, I had seen a large number of them. Here is the link if you are interested: http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/. The number one film on the list is Avatar, directed by James Cameron, who also directed the number two film on the list, the aforementioned Titanic. Is this an indicator of Cameron’s directorial genius? Does it suggest he has a greater influence on culture than we realise? Or does he simply know how to tell a good story? If you ask my housemate, and the hordes of Titanic fans out there, I think you would find the answer to be the latter. 

Lecture 4


The topic of lecture 4 was picture stories in their many and varied forms. It was a topic that I had never really given much thought, so it was interesting to consider pictures and their prevalence in today’s society. As it turns out, pictures are literally everywhere, from television, movies, magazines, advertising, with even money containing pictorial representations. Pictures are one of the oldest forms of communication, with discoveries of cave paintings confirming this, and their place in history as a form of storytelling is both valuable for both informational and societal purposes. Images can be a useful accompaniment to a written piece, yet also have the ability to tell a story on their own.
With the relatively recent development of digital images, the issue of photoshop was raised in the lecture, with question being posed ‘is it good or evil’. Whilst many models and actresses will no doubt espouse the greatness of photoshop, the prospect of manipulating images to present an unrealistic image is potentially dangerous. Photoshop is useful when it comes to altering light and shading, or changing a tone here or there, however sometimes the results can be disastrous. Below is a link that looks at the lighter side of photoshop and its outcomes:

The lecture also discussed the composition of a good photograph. This includes framing, angles, focus, exposure, timing and the rule of thirds. The first are all rather self-explanatory, however a new concept to me was the rule of thirds or ‘the golden mean’. This concept revolves around dividing up an image to create points of interest for the viewer. Here is a link which illustrates this concept:

Cinema also plays an important part in story telling with pictures, as it can be used to get a message across to a wide audience. Not only for entertainment purposes, motion pictures were used to distribute information, in the forms of news reels in cinemas. The power of the medium was exploited by some, with propaganda films being released throughout World War II by the Nazi party. The idea of capturing events on film, however, changed the way in which we consume news, as many people regularly watch news programs. On the whole, the use of pictures as a form of storytelling is effective and informative, and given its place throughout history, is a fibre of society.