Lecture 8 was on ethics, and in my opinion it was one of the
most interesting lectures of the semester so far. Exploring the polarity of
ethics, the notion that everything is black and white, was thought provoking. It
seems that we need to have the ability to distinguish between what is just
tacky, and what is actually unethical. Our guest lecturer, John Harrison, gave
us some examples of such media. He asked us to do an exercise, where we marked
on a scale whether we thought the ad was in good taste or bad taste, ethical or
unethical. It seems that everyone’s opinion on what is good taste and bad taste
differs, as that is something which develops individually, however it is
important that publishers of media have the ability to determine what is genuinely
unethical. He then went on to explain some of the theories involved in ethics,
as well as some of the ethics codes which apply to the journalism field. Here
are some of the ads used in the lecture, but rather than tell you what I
thought of them, I will let you make up your own mind.
Sunday, 10 June 2012
Thursday, 24 May 2012
Annotated Bibliography
Nicholls, S., Sykes, J., & Camilleri, P.
(2010). The role of the media and communication in recovery from natural disasters:
A case study of the Canberra firestorm and its aftermath 2003-2007. Australian
Journal of Communication, 37(3), 33-50. http://search.proquest.com/docview/884025474?accountid=14723
There are three contributors to this article, all
of whom have an academic background. Dr Susan Nicholls is an Associate
Professor at the University of Canberra, Jolyon Sykes is a Journalism
Researcher at the same institution and Peter Camilleri is a Professor of Social
work at the Australian Catholic University. All contributors have also
previously published research papers and have established high levels of
credibility in their respective fields. The varying specialisations of the
contributors add depth to the article as the subject matter, how the media
impacts on the recovery of victims of natural disasters, can be examined from
different viewpoints. There is a varied and comprehensive list of references
which add credibility and gravitas to the information put forward in the
article. The text examines the role the media plays in the aftermath of a
natural disaster, using the Canberra bushfires as a case study. Using
information gathered from their research, and a questionnaire completed by 500 survivors,
the study concludes that the media ‘played a significant role in the recovery
of the community, both positively and negatively’. Through the study, it is revealed that at the
time of the fires, the most trusted media sources were local newspapers, and
the ABC, both radio and television. The paper also contrasts the views of
survivors who either relied heavily on media coverage for information, and
those who chose to avoid all forms of media, thus presenting a balanced view
from those affected by the disaster and the role of the media in reporting
them.
Calligeros, M. (2011, January 14). Brisbane flood victims to
confront the destruction. Brisbane Times. Retrieved from http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au
Brisbane Times is an online newspaper with a large amount of
local content, as well as international information, however it is primarily
targeted at a South-East Queensland readership. It is a branch of Fairfax
media, one of Australia’s largest publishers of print, online, and radio media.
Fairfax has major news publications in several states and has a large percentage
share of the Australian media. Brisbane Times is a form of commercial media,
and it stands to reason that because of this, they wish to only publish
articles that they believe will meet public demand. The article covers the 2011
Queensland floods, with a particular focus on the Brisbane area. There is an
accompanying photo gallery featuring images of the floodwater and the
destruction it caused. The article does feature some dramatic language, such as
‘monster river’, ‘devastating destruction’ and ‘putrid, tar-like sludge.’ This
is in contrast to the more straightforward reporting style of the ABC
publication. It can be seen that from the graphic images to the descriptive
language, the article is presenting the disaster in a dramatic light in order to
gain a wider audience. Despite being a Brisbane publication, the article offers
little tangible information and advice for Brisbane residents affected by the
floods, instead choosing to sensationalise the event for a broader reading
public.
Santow, S. (2010, December 30). AM [Radio broadcast]. Australia:
ABC
This AM program broadcast by the ABC discusses the financial
and emotional costs of the floods on those affected, with a particular focus on
farmers. The ABC is one of Australia’s premier providers of news across all
platforms, and in contrast to Fairfax, is a form of public, or non-commercial
media. The ABC is not driven by making profit, and is therefore in a position
to produce news stories which may not appeal to advertisers and a broad target
market. In this radio piece flood victims recount the damage to their property
and crops and the likely loss of revenue that will come from downgraded crops.
The piece then relates this damage back to all Australians by revealing that
with a decrease in farming in the region, there will be a ‘spike in retail
prices’ across the eastern seaboard as well as an all over shortage of goods.
This report speaks to a flood victim in Millmerran, as well as two farming
officials, from Queensland and Victoria and it is this selection of
interviewees that help give the report its depth. There appears to be little
bias in this piece, and this is in keeping with the findings by Nicholls et. al.
that Australians trusted the ABC in their coverage of natural disasters.
AAP. (2011, January 13). Brisbane wakes up to water logged
streets. Ninemsn. Retrieved from http://news.ninemsn.com.au/
This article offers a broader look at the events of the
floods than the previous pieces, featuring many links, images and other online
content, in an attempt to please its tech savvy readership. Ninemsn is the
online branch of channel 9, which is in turn owned by Publishing and
Broadcasting limited, which runs many publications as well as online and
television content, and is owned by the Packer family. This, like the Brisbane
Times piece, is a form of commercial media however this piece is aimed at a
wide audience on a national level. It is because of this that is offers little
localised content and information for Brisbane readers. Ninemsn does not have a
reputation for producing quality and unbiased news, however this piece provides
a relatively straightforward, albeit slightly dramatized look at the events of
the floods. There is no journalist credited with writing the piece, rather it
is attributed to AAP, thus revealing that there is little, if any, specialised
content for a Queensland audience. The article does feature quotes from then
Lord Mayor Campbell Newman, however these quotes were originally given to the
ABC and reused for this story and don’t offer the reader any great insight into
the local reaction to the crisis. This lack of local content would be a
contributing factor as to why victims of natural disasters would turn to local
and trusted national media.
Thursday, 26 April 2012
Factual Storytelling
Landing in Cairo was an assault on the senses. It was the
first time that either my little sister or I had been overseas, and following a
20 hour flight, all we wanted was sleep. Cairo, however, is not a city for the
weary, or the faint hearted. We had headed to Egypt to celebrate my mother’s
birthday. She had not wanted a party, but instead chose to take her husband and
two teenage daughters to the Middle East. The first shock was the airport. The
dank, dark and dilapidated building was literally a world away from the airy
Brisbane International airport and the bright lights of Singapore that we had
just left. Emerging from the terminal, we were hit with the unfamiliar. Sights,
noises, smells, crowds, all of which I had never seen before, were suddenly
sprung upon me. Fortunately we had arrived in January, their winter, so the
temperature was mild and the weather was one less element to contest with. We
had read the travel guides prior to departure, all of which had attempted to
illustrate the atmosphere in their knowledgeable pages, however nothing could
have prepared two teenage girls for what was about to ensue.
The first few days passed by in a flurry. We were going to
be there three weeks in total, and Cairo was our first stop. Visiting the
requisite sites, such as the pyramids at Giza and the Sphinx were both surreal
and in a strange way, slightly disillusioning. The great monuments were not, as
I had originally thought, located in the middle of the desert, but a city had
rather unceremoniously built itself around them. Now after visiting the Sphinx
it’s possible to pop across the road for Pizza Hut. The crowds were something I
had never encountered in such a magnitude. The population of the city is
approximately seven million, an amount of people that I had never considered,
let alone experienced. We quickly learnt to stick together, as it was far too
easy to get separated in a crowd. My parents kept a watchful eye on my sister
and I, as even a brief trip to the supermarket was hazardous.
Following our time in Cairo, we travelled south along the
Nile. Our next destination was Luxor, home to a vast array of temples and
tombs. My mother was on a mission to see as many ancient sites as possible so the
next item on her list was the temple at Karnak. Karnak is a complex of several
different temples and ancient chapels and is considered to be the largest
ancient religious site in the world. It is also the second most visited site in
Egypt, after the pyramids. With a tourist attraction, however, comes large amounts
of tourists. Tourists in turn, attract large numbers of locals attempting to
sell a variety of paraphernalia. What ensues is excessive amounts of shouting,
shoving and sheer astonishment. It was in Karnak, amongst the semi-organised
chaos, that we lost my sister.
“Where’s Edwina?” my mother asked. I looked around,
expecting to find her standing behind us. Her absence was both alarming and
frightening. Had we just lost a 13 year old girl at one of the busiest
monuments in the Middle East?
Edwina wandered through the temple complex, unaware that she
was alone. Having been unwittingly separated from her family a mere five
minutes before, she strolled along, admiring the workmanship and scale of the
ancient hieroglyphs. She turned, hoping to find either my parents or myself,
but was instead faced with an unknown family of Japanese tourists. In her
version of events, this is the point at which she became afraid. She was unsure
of what her next move should be. Should she stay in the one spot, on the chance
that we were looking for her? Should she attempt to look for us, despite the
unlikelihood of finding someone in an area and crowd this large?
My mother is not normally a panicker. I could see, however,
the lines of worry beginning to form on her forehead. My father too, is an
equally calm person, yet I could see that he was beginning to, in his own words,
‘freak out.’ Had we been in Australia we would have employed the search method
that is divide and conquer. We were not too keen at the prospect of losing another
family member though, so we stuck together. Unsure of how to begin our search,
we just began looking.
As Edwina made her way through the crowds, the tall pillars
that had once seemed magnificent now seemed menacing. The random eye contact
with strangers had initially been comforting, now it made her fearful. She
couldn’t remember what any of us were wearing, thus making it even harder to
spot us. The sun, no longer in the middle of the sky, was beginning to sink
into the horizon. We had planned on leaving the temple before sunset. Edwina
made her way to the entrance of the complex, in the hope that we had decided to
wait there.
The worst possible outcomes were running through each of our
heads. Had she fallen? Was she hurt? Ducking and weaving through the stones and
pillars, each turn came with a new thought. Our unmapped path through Karnak
had lead us back to the starting point, the entrance.
We approached the entrance feeling somewhat defeated. Edwina
was yet to be found, and it was getting late in the day, the crowds surging
towards the exit point. It was then that we spotted her.
Edwina says she can’t remember the feeling of when she first
saw us. The most basic description of what we were feeling was relief. She did
later refer to the incident as one of the scariest moments of her life. Luckily
for all of us though, she is able to look back on it in amusement. My mother
fully recovered, and no longer felt the guilt that would stem from misplacing a
child. Had it been socially acceptable though, I imagine she would have got her
children leashes for the remainder of the holiday.
Thursday, 19 April 2012
Public Media
Lecture seven discussed the topic of public media, something
I suppose you could call the opposite of last week’s lecture on commercial
media. Public Media is media whose mission is to serve or engage a public, its
ultimate purpose is to serve the public and not turn a profit. The public media
in Australia consists of the ABC and SBS, in both tv and radio.
Internationally, public media broadcasters include BBC and channel 4 in the UK
and PBS and NPR in the US. Public media can also include community media. The
aspect I found most interesting in this lecture was looking at the role of
public media and the ethos of public media. The public value, according to the
BBC, is to embed a public service ethos, provide value for licence fee money
and weigh public value against market opinion. It seems from this that public
media could be considered quite ideological, however when put into practice, it
appears that public media broadcasters adhere to this standard. Take for
example, the ABC. According to information given in the lecture, 41% of
Australians get their news from the ABC and 85% don’t believe they project any
bias. This lack of bias is vital, as whilst being majority funded by the
government, the ABC have a responsibility to present quality and bias free
stories regardless of which party is in power. And as Dr Redman said in the
lecture, as soon as the ABC stops enraging politicians, then we are in trouble.
Which Direction?
One direction
It would appear that One Direction are in Australia. This is
no secret, it has been headlining practically every news outlet for the past
few days. But if you are unsure of who One Direction are, here is the lowdown:
a group of five British males, aged from 18-20, manufactured as a singing group
by reality program X Factor, all of them dress rather well for teenage boys,
and they all have better hair than I do. In case my description was not quite
vivid enough, here is a picture:
Now I am not going to practice musical snobbery and say that
they are ‘too mainstream’ or ‘too manufactured’, because let’s face it, a large
number of recording artists have had their images slightly tweaked by record
companies. If the conspiracy theorists are to be believed , then ‘indie
darling’ Lana Del Rey has had more than a helping hand in the image department,
thus nullifying her apparent indie status (for more: http://www.hipsterrunoff.com/altreport/2011/09/lana-del-rey-exposed-b4-she-was-alt-she-was-failed-mnstrm-artist-without-fake-lips.html).
But back to One Direction. I am not going to preach ignorant, or try and play
the cool card and pretend I have never heard their music. I will even admit, as
embarrassing as it is, that I have been caught humming along to their catchy
hooks and inoffensive lyrics. But what exactly is their appeal? Their concert
tour in Australia sold out in just three minutes, and One Direction figurines
have apparently been flying off the shelves in Britain. Typing ‘One Direction’
into the ebay search bar results in a plethora of merchandise, from coffee mugs
to personalised pillow cases. In my attempt to understand the phenomenon, I
turned to a valuable source: the target audience. In conversation with my
little sister and a friend of hers, I casually dropped One Direction into the
mix. Their response was not as overwhelmingly positive as I had imagined, but
then they did point out to me that ‘it’s a bit lame for grade 12’s to like
them. If you asked some year 8’s they would probably scream’. So I did as
anyone looking for answers does, and turned to the internet. Well. After
trawling through countless fan sites I still struggled to come up with a
definitive answer as to why One Direction, and subsequently boy bands in
general, were so popular. Is it their slightly matching outfits? Is it their
catchy melodies and inoffensive lyrics? Is it because they are just so cute?
Who really knows, but I know in this case, their record labels are laughing all
the way to the bank whilst screaming fans are all too eager to jump on the
bandwagon. The bandwagon that is heading in only one direction.
(didn’t quite give the answers I was looking for, but interesting
nonetheless: http://jezebel.com/5891583/start-shrieking-ladies-boy-bands-are-back)
Commercial Media
Commercial media. What is it? What does it do? Who uses it?
All these questions were answered in lecture 6, with the topic being commercial
media and a specific look at it in Australia. Commercial media encompasses television,
newspapers, magazines and radio. It can also include telecommunications
companies, such as Telstra and Optus. Some examples of the commercial media in
Australia today are channels 7, 9 and ten, companies such as News Limited and
Fairfax, and radio producers like Austereo. The purpose of commercial media is
to ‘sell audiences to advertisers’. This is to say, every time you sit down to
watch a show on your favourite commercial station, you are in fact wanted there
to view the advertisements, rather than the programs themselves. Commercial
media is a form of profit driven media production, which requires audiences in
order to attract advertisers and generate profit. That said, commercial media
outlets still attempt to gain the trust of the audience. Media has a
responsibility in a democracy, as well as having to meet formal state
requirements, such as legal prescriptions and statutory boards. The lecture
also made mention of a public sphere, which is space between commerce and government
where people can debate freely and form public opinion (for a more in depth
look at this concept, and others associated with commercial media: http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611795/100438659076).
There are also new controls on commercial media, such as government agencies
regulating content, state press subsidies and licensed journalism in nations
such as Indonesia and East Timor. Some believe that commercial media is corrupt
and lacks quality (John McManus – Market Driven Journalism 1994) and that ‘In
this regard, one thing stands out above all others –the view that the very
nature of the commercial equates to a corruption of the social. In other words,
as media become more commercial, they do so at the expense of their social
function. This is seen as a zerosum game. Profits come before quality’ (Prof.
Michael Bromley – SJC 2009). This is an
interesting concept, and I have to say, that to a certain extent, I agree with
the aforementioned opinions. To be honest, I was unaware that the majority of
media I consumed was considered commercial, and that the main drive behind
these entities was profit. So are their claims of commitment to delivering
quality content or local productions merely a strategy on their behalf to
attract a wide, previously elusive audience, to advertisers? I believe that
this is probably the case, however I do also believe that commercial media is
not necessarily bad. At the end of the day, these media outlets are businesses,
and the goal of business is to make money. So no, I will not stop watching,
reading, or buying things produced by these commercial media bodies, but I will
view them differently, with the knowledge that for the big players, the news isn’t
always about the story.
Lecture 5
Lecture 5 was delivered via sound recording, as the subject
matter was radio as a form of communication. It was challenging for me to
listen and process information delivered in this format, as I hardly ever
listen to radio or podcasts. I also have to admit I am not a fan of talkback
and AM radio, so I really had to apply myself to the task. Initially I was
bored, the radio announcer voices made me want to switch off and watch TV
instead. I persevered and discovered a lot about radio. The fact that the
majority of listeners are multi-tasking when listening to radio means that the
content needs to be engaging, but also easy to process. Additionally, when
interviewing a guest, you still need to keep the listener involved in the
conversation. What I found most interesting though was the way in which the
announcers approached interviewing guests. It was said that it’s important to
give the guest space to talk as well as giving them the opportunity to reveal
themselves to the audience. One of the last points made was the radio is
getting bigger around the world, and is good for the time poor, so bearing this
in mind I tried to pay more attention to radio. I mainly only listen to radio
whilst I am in the car, and usually when the presenters start talking I change
the station in order to find music. Hoping that old habits don’t die hard, I was
driving around and tuned into the science program on triple J in the hope that
I might actually learn something. Whilst not being immediately enthralled, I realised
that radio is a vital communication and information presenting tool, as well as
having a large array of fans. Who knows, maybe if I keep the listening up I might
become a fan myself.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)



